Grammar - Direct and Indirect

Direct And Indirect Speech

Orders / Requests
Example : He said,”Please drive your car carefully!”. (DS)
He told me to drive my car carefully. (IDS)

Questions words

Example : He said,”Where do you live in this town?”. (DS)
He told me where I lived in the town. (IDS)

Questions without Question marks

Example : He said,”Do you know the big hotel here?” (DS)
He told me whether / if I knew the big hotel there. (IDS)

Statements

Example : He said,”I have to come early in the school”. (DS)
He told me that he had to come early in the school. (IDS)

Remarks (Direct / Indirect Speech)

If the first sentence / main clause is in Past Form, so the tenses should be changed as follows (This is not valid for Orders/Request forms):

Simple Present Past Tense
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Future Past Future
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Tense Past Perfect

Example :
1. She said,”I want to come here early!”. (DS)
She told me that she wanted to come there early. (IDS)
2. He said,”Where did you stay in this city?”. (DS)
He told me where I had lived in the city (DS)

If the first / main sentence is in a Present Form (simple present, present future, present continuous, present perfect), so it is NOT necessary for us change the tenses.

Example :
1. She says,”I want to come here on time!”. (DS)
She tells me that she wants to come there on time. (IDS)
2. They say,”When do you give the speech?” (DS)
They tells me when I give the speech. (IDS)

Strategy For UN - English SMK 2009

STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL TEST 2009
ENGLISH (B. INGGRIS)

Odd Semester

1. To finalize all matters and practices of English Dictate 3rd Grade.
2. To make a direct conversation with student or between students in each initial times of course meeting
3. To give translating assignments to be done in class and at home in enriching the vocabulary.
4. To review all grammar or structure appeared at National Tests in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
5. To do national test practice by referring to the problem of generally exits at national test of English, at the same time studies problems which has been tested the.
6. To provide enrichment or addition hour (learning at Saturday every two weeks once).
7. To conduct a lot of Tests of TOEIC model either in the form of Listening and also Reading at class students III
8. To push students to follow tuition of additional learning in other course institutes or we called 'Bimbel' since beginning of 3rd grade.
9. To attend the test of TKM carried out by local Education Service and hereinafter is studied together.

Even Semester

1. To involve class students III in TOEIC Regional Test by working along with ETC - local SMK
2. To do National Tests done by English teacher followed by studying problems which has been tested
3. To give explanations to matter that is not comprehended by student at the time of solution of grille the problem of practice UN
4. To draw up Module containing problems and solution of Reading Section to be studied by the students at home
5. To carry out Simulation of UN Test (Try Out UN) what done school counted 2 times for third of study area UN tested
6. To prepare the groups of student in group of small learning guided by a smart student referred as tutor (student having excellent English competence).
7. After being done by training and simulation of UN, simply there are some students assumed that there are still have not made ready, hence teacher gives again only to students which had not made ready.
8. After given by deep-studying, the students are evaluated to see last preparation of them before UN.

Dicki Hartanto, S.Pi, Dipl Buss Engl, M.M
e-mail : dichartanto@yahoo.com

Grammar - English Tenses For Indonesian

Tenses : Masa-masa kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris

Simple Present Tense : Masa kalimat yang terjadi secara terus-menerus (habitual action)

Formula : S + V1 + Object / Adverb (+)
S + do/does + not + V1 + Object/Adverb (-)
Do/does + S + V1 + Object/ Adverb (?)

Example : He speaks English well
I speak English well

Past Tense : Masa kalimat yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan tidak ada kaitannya pada saat dibicarakan.

Formula : S + V2 (past) + Object/Adverb (+)
S + did not + V1 (present) + Object/Adverb (-)
Did + S + V1 (present) + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I spoke English well

Present Future Tense : Masa kalimat yang terjadi dimasa mendatang.

Formula : S + will/shall + V1 (present) + Object/Adv (+)
S + will/shall not + V1(present) + Object/Adv (-)
Will/Shall + S + V1 (present) + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I will speak English well

Present Perfect Tense : Masa kalimat yang terjadi dimasa lalu dan masih terjadi pada saat dibicarakan.

Formula : S + have/has + V3 (past participle) + Obj/Adv (+)
S + have/has not + V3 + Object/Adverb (-)
Have/Has + S + V3 + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I have spoken English well.

Present Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang sedang terjadi dimasa sekarang

Formula : S + tobe (are, am, is) + Verb-ing + Obj/Adv (+)
S + tobe + not + Verb-ing + Object/Adverb (-)

Tobe (are, am, is) + S + Verb-ing + Obj/Adv (?)

Example : I am speaking English well.

Present Future Perfect Tense : Masa kalimat yang telah terjadi di masa datang.

Formula : S + will/shall + have + V3 (pp) + Object/Adv (+)
S + will/shall not + have + V3 (pp) + Obj/Adv (-)
Will/Shall + S + have + V3 (pp) + Object/Adv (?)

Example : I shall have spoken English well

Present Future Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang sedang terjadi dimasa yang akan datang

Formula : S + will/shall + be + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + will/shall not + be + V-ing + Obj/Adverb (-)
Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : She will speaking English well.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang terjadi dimasa lalu dan sampai saat ini masih sedang terjadi.

Formula : S + have/has + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + have/has not + been + V-ing + Obj/Adverb (-)
Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I have been speaking English well.

Past Future Tense : Masa kalimat yang akan terjadi dimasa lalu.

Formula : S + would/should + V1 + Object/Adverb (+)
S + would/should not + V1 + Object/Adverb (-)
Would/Should + S + V1 (present) + Object/Adv (?)

Example : She would speak English well.

Past Perfect Tense : Masa kalimat yang telah terjadi dan masih terjadi dimasa lalu saat dibicarakan.

Formula : S + had + V-3 (pp) + Object/Adverb (+)
S + had not + V-3 (pp) + Object/Adverb (-)
Had + S + V-3 (pp) + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I had spoken English week

Past Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang sedang terjadi di masa lalu

Formula : S + was + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + was not + V-ing + Object/Adverb (-)
Was + S + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : I was speaking English well when I was young.

Past Future Perfect Tense : Masa kalimat yang akan telah terjadi di masa lalu.

Formula : S + would/should + have + V-3 (pp) + Obj/Adv (+)
S + would/should not + have + V-3 + Obj/Adv (-)
Would/Should + S + have + V-3 + Object/Adv (?)

Example : If I had been smart enough, I would have spoken English well.

Past Future Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang akan sedang terjadi dimasa lalu.

Formula : S + would/should + be + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + would/should not + be + V-ing + Object/Adv (-)
Would/Should + S + be + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : She would be speaking English, if I talked to her

Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang telah sedang terjadi dimasa lalu.

Formula : S + had + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + had not + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (-)
Had + S + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : She had been speaking English well

Future Perfect Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang telah sedang terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Formula : S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (+)
S + will/shall not + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adv (-)
Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (?)

Example : She will have been speaking English well next year.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : Masa kalimat yang akan telah sedang terjadi di masa lalu.

Formula : S + would + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adv (+)
S + would not + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adverb (-)
Would/Should + S + have + been + V-ing + Object/Adv (?)

Example : She would have been speaking English well.